Process Technology

Germanium Lens Grinding Equipment: Generating Precision Curves on IR Lens Blanks

After cutting and centering, a germanium blank is flat — a disc with parallel surfaces, correct diameter, and clean edges. But a flat disc is not a lens. The grinding stage generates the curvature — spherical or aspherical — that gives the lens its optical function. Germanium lens grinding equipment shapes each face of the

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Germanium Lens Surface Roughness: What Ra 5nm Means and How to Achieve It

A germanium lens with Ra 50nm surface roughness will pass an incoming inspection. It will also scatter roughly 0.3–0.5% of incident 10 μm radiation at each surface — enough to reduce thermal imaging system sensitivity by a measurable margin and, in high-power laser applications, to create localized absorption hotspots that degrade the lens over time.

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Germanium Wafer Double Sided Lapping: How to Produce Flat, Parallel Blanks for Precision IR Optics

After wire saw slicing, a germanium blank has two problems: the surfaces aren’t flat enough, and they aren’t parallel enough. Wire cutting delivers Ra 0.6–1.2 μm surface roughness with TTV (total thickness variation) of 8–15 μm on a Φ50 mm blank. For many infrared optics applications, that’s not good enough to go straight into spherical

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