{"id":5333,"date":"2026-09-15T12:01:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T04:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.opticalcutting.com\/?p=5333"},"modified":"2026-09-15T12:01:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T04:01:26","slug":"quy-trinh-che-tao-germanium-blank-sang-thau-kinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.opticalcutting.com\/vi\/quy-trinh-che-tao-germanium-blank-sang-thau-kinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Germanium Blank sang th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh: Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfi germanium th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh IR ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u2014 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o germanium blank sang th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh<\/strong>, t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 AR v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh Germanium Th\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o germanium blank sang th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh<\/strong> l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfi germanium \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eaft th\u1ecfi, m\u00e0i ph\u00f4i, m\u00e0i hai m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tinh, ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, dung sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n quang tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t 8\u201312 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vimfun
Loop-type diamond wire saw for graphite,optical glass and so on.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh Germanium Th\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh: T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2013 Th\u1ecfi Germanium \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ecfi germanium \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp theo. Germanium c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra quang h\u1ecdc IR s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 5N+ (\u226599,999%), v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 5\u201340 \u03a9\u00b7cm cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh IR ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfm l\u1ed7 \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecfi n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 15% ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean 500 EPD\/cm\u00b2, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germanium ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y k\u1ebdm. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 trang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u germanium c\u1ee7a Umicore<\/a>, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2013 C\u1eaft Th\u1ecfi v\u00e0 Ph\u00f4i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Germanium c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 1.800\u20132.400 USD\/kg, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i milimet c\u1eaft l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phoi v\u1ee5n. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do v\u1ee1, m\u00e0 do chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ebft c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0a d\u00e2y kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00f4i c\u1ea5p quang h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d\u00e2y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do v\u1ebft c\u1eaft: d\u00e2y 0,12 mm t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft c\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng 0,3\u20130,4 mm, trong khi d\u00e2y 0,25 mm \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ebft c\u1eaft l\u00ean 0,6\u20130,8 mm. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfi 100 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i 5 mm, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1ebft c\u1eaft 0,35 mm v\u00e0 0,65 mm t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 6% ph\u00f4i m\u1ed7i th\u1ecfi \u2014 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 2.000 USD\/kg, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e2y kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do v\u1ebft c\u1eaft tr\u00ean germanium, h\u00e3y xem m\u00e1y c\u1eaft k\u00ednh germanium<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi c\u1eaft, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i cho th\u1ea5y Ra 0,6\u20131,2 \u03bcm, v\u1edbi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5\u201315 \u03bcm b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn dao. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tham chi\u1ebfu cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i germanium c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, germanium lens blank cutting<\/a> trang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1ebft c\u1eaft chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: germanium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i p, v\u00e0 phoi v\u1ee5n m\u1ecbn t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y r\u1ea5t d\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ki\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (pH 9\u201310) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t germanium kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e0i. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1ebd b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2013 M\u00e0i Ph\u00f4i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0i th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00f2ng 0,1\u20130,2 mm so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m Ra t\u1eeb 0,6\u20131,2 \u03bcm xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,1\u20130,3 \u03bcm, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1edbi 120 qua l\u01b0\u1edbi 400 trong hai ho\u1eb7c ba l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germanium nhanh ch\u00f3ng sinh nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh (Mohs ~6) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p (59 W\/m\u00b7K, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi silicon). Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 20 \u00b1 2\u00b0C. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 25\u00b0C, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 g\u00e1 ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra sai s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 TTV \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh germanium<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2013 M\u00e0i Hai M\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0i hai m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 TTV \u2014 T\u1ed5ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u2014 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i \u03a650 mm, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8\u201315 \u03bcm sau khi m\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong; n\u1ebfu TTV l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20 \u03bcm khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ea1ng b\u00f9n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 alumina ho\u1eb7c boron carbide v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 3\u20139 \u03bcm) gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f9n, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00e0i hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i germanium \u03a650 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef TTV \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8\u201310 \u03bcm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 20\u201330 ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i l\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5 \u2013 T\u1ea1o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cong<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea1o b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quang h\u1ecdc \u2014 c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c phi c\u1ea7u \u2014 v\u00e0o ph\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0i CNC v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t phi c\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n: m\u00e0i CNC \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch phi c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o dung sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00fat th\u1eaft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: sau khi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong phi c\u1ea7u, m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng giao thoa k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn sai s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t giao thoa k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201320 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t phi c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ca. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 phi c\u1ea7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y m\u00e0i trong khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i giao thoa k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i ra. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 6 \u2013 M\u00e0i tinh v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0i tinh theo sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do b\u00e1nh xe t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i Ra 10\u201330 nm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u germanium c\u1ea5p IR nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn Ra < 1 nm \u2014 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 8\u201312 \u03bcm, n\u01a1i ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m polyurethane v\u1edbi oxit ceri ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,1\u20130,5 \u03bcm. Germanium \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u IR c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ZnSe, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi pH: huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u01a1i axit (pH 5\u20136) cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trung t\u00ednh h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng GeO\u2082 m\u1ecfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ra < 1 nm tr\u00ean th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh germanium th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t 2\u20134 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc IR, xem m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng quang h\u1ecdc germanium<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 7 \u2013 Ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t germanium tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 kho\u1ea3ng 36% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng 10,6 \u03bcm t\u1edbi (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 ~4,0 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ~36% xu\u1ed1ng 99% tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i 8\u201312 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 AR ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh IR b\u1eb1ng germanium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 YF\u2083\/ZnS ho\u1eb7c DLC (carbon gi\u1ed1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0m l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bay h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00fan x\u1ea1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebf 150\u2013250\u00b0C. Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00b12% \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau truy\u1ec1n qua >99%; dung sai r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 8\u201312 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh germanium ph\u1ee7 DLC cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh tr\u00ean 60\u00b0C khi chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t germanium c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GeO\u2082 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u00e0o t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i HF ng\u1eafn (3\u20135 gi\u00e2y) ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee7 \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 8 \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u00e2m \u00b10,05 mm, dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh h6, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh cong \u00b10,5% so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, sai s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2264\u03bb\/4 \u1edf 10,6 \u03bcm (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng giao thoa k\u1ebf IR ho\u1eb7c \u0111o bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quang h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n qua \u226599% tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i 8\u201312 \u03bcm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5 k\u1ebf FTIR tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n qua d\u01b0\u1edbi 98,5% s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn xem x\u00e9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surface quality:<\/strong> V\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc-l\u1ed7 theo MIL-PRF-13830 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 60-40 cho th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh IR ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, 40-20 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh). Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c 100-150W \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng theo ISO 14644-1 L\u1edbp 5 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong khay gel-pak \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1. Germanium nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u2014 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 70% RH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"thi\u1ebft
Loop-type diamond wire saw for graphite,optical glass and so on.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00ednh trong S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh Germanium<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/th>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/th>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Th\u1ecfi nung n\u00f3ng<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/td>\u22655N (99,999%)<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1ecfi nung n\u00f3ng<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t<\/td>5\u201340 \u03a9\u00b7cm<\/td><\/tr>
C\u1eaft l\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y c\u01b0a<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p<\/td>3\u20130.8 mm (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00e2y)<\/td><\/tr>
C\u1eaft l\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y c\u01b0a<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra)<\/td>0,6\u20131,2 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e0i th\u00f4<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra)<\/td>0,1\u20130,3 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e0i hai m\u1eb7t<\/td>TTV (ph\u00f4i \u03a650 mm)<\/td>8\u201315 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e0i tinh<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra)<\/td>10\u201330 nm<\/td><\/tr>
Polishing<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra)<\/td><1 nm<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ee7 AR<\/td>Truy\u1ec1n b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n 8\u201312 \u03bcm<\/td>>99%<\/td><\/tr>
Final Inspection<\/td>Sai s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/td>\u2264\u03bb\/4 t\u1ea1i 10.6 \u03bcm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i germani<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Germani c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 $1.800\u20132.400\/kg \u2014 kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201315 l\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed silicon tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kilogam, v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i germani \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i milimet r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mua th\u00e0nh b\u00f9n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfi nung \u03a676 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i danh \u0111\u1ecbnh 3 mm, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft 0,65 mm sang d\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft 0,35 mm s\u1ebd thu h\u1ed3i th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i cho m\u1ed7i 25 mm chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u1ecfi nung. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ecfi nung 200 mm, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00eam 3\u20134 ph\u00f4i cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ecfi nung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i 1,5 mm d\u00e0nh cho camera nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 25% v\u1edbi d\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft r\u1ed9ng. Chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng d\u00e2y c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn dao l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ROI cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng quang h\u1ecdc germani c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft quang h\u1ecdc germani, h\u00e3y xem germanium lens blank cutting<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01b0a d\u00e2y kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u01b0a l\u01b0\u1ee1i ID (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong), gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo \u2014 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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